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IT The Basilica of San Petronio is somewhat the beating heart of Bologna, a place that all Bolognese people know and love. It overlooks Piazza Maggiore majestically, and its imposing size makes it immediately recognisable, even for those visiting the city for the first time. It is not just a church, it is a symbol of the city, a landmark that tells centuries-old stories. Its size places it among the largest churches in Italy, but what is also striking is its history, made up of ambitions and a project that, for various reasons, was never completed as originally planned. It is a monument that speaks of identity, faith and art, a veritable treasure trove waiting to be discovered. Admission to the basilica is free, allowing anyone to admire its beauty, although access to some of the more precious chapels requires a ticket to visit the interior of the Chapel of the Magi.
The history of its construction and unfinished façade
The construction of San Petronio began way back in 1390, but there is one peculiar thing: it was not commissioned by the church, but by the civil authorities of Bologna. It was a way of showing the city's independence and autonomy. The initial project, entrusted to Antonio di Vincenzo, was incredibly ambitious. It was even planned to surpass St Peter's in Rome in size, with a Latin cross layout that included squares dedicated to each arm. However, things changed. Tradition has it that in 1505, Pope Pius IV put a stop to these grandiose plans, perhaps due to funding issues or other priorities. As a result, the basilica we see today has no transept and its façade has remained unchanged since 1659, when the work was completed: the lower part is clad in marble and Istrian stone, while the upper part is left in exposed brick. Far from being a flaw, this incompleteness gives it a unique and special charm, a tangible testimony to the historical events that have shaped it.
Dimensions and ambitions of the original project
When talking about San Petronio, it is difficult not to be impressed by its size. It is truly enormous, the fifth largest church in Italy, but imagine what it should have been! The original project, conceived by the civil authorities of Bologna, was something colossal. The idea was to create a Latin cross church that would not only be larger than St. Peter's in Rome, but would also have squares dedicated to each of its arms. It would have been a work that would have left an indelible mark on the urban landscape and history of the city. Unfortunately, or perhaps fortunately, depending on your point of view, this imposing project was never completed. There are several reasons for this, including the legend that Pope Pius IV intervened to halt the work, but the result is there for all to see: a grandiose basilica that bears the marks of an ambition that was not fully realised. Nevertheless, its grandeur and history make it an unmissable destination for anyone visiting Bologna.
What to admire inside the Basilica
The twenty-two side chapels and their works of art
Once you cross the threshold, you are struck by the unexpected brightness of the space, due in part to the unusual orientation of the building, which runs north-south instead of following the traditional east-west direction. The basilica is divided into three naves, supported by imposing brick pillars. On either side are twenty-two chapels, each with its own unique features and artistic treasures. Many of these are enclosed by elegant marble or wrought iron railings. Among the works preserved here, you can admire paintings by artists such as Parmigianino, Lorenzo Costa and Francesco Francia, which further enrich the visual experience.
The Chapel of the Magi and the frescoes by Giovanni da Modena
Among the most famous chapels is that of the Three Kings, also known as the Bolognini Chapel. Here, the frescoes by Giovanni da Modena are extraordinarily powerful. On the left wall, you will find a representation of Hell, with a central figure of Satan that leaves no one indifferent, and a vision of Paradise. On the right wall, on the other hand, the Stories of the Three Kings are narrated. These works are a remarkable example of Bolognese art from the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance.
The sundial by Gian Domenico Cassini
An element of great interest, and perhaps less well known, is the sundial created by Gian Domenico Cassini in 1655. It is the longest sundial in the world, extending for 67 metres along the floor of the left aisle. A small hole in the vault, about 27 metres high, functions as a camera obscura: every day, just before noon, a ray of sunlight enters it and indicates the exact time on the floor. It is a fascinating combination of science and architecture, a way of measuring time with sunlight inside this majestic building.
The Museum of San Petronio and its heritage
Inside the Basilica is the Museum of San Petronio, a place that houses art and historical treasures linked to the church itself. Here you can admire a collection of sacred vestments that tell the story of centuries of devotion and ceremonies, together with precious reliquaries. There are also illuminated graduals and antiphonaries, musical manuscripts of great historical and artistic value, which testify to the importance of music in Bolognese liturgy. The museum also houses original drawings and designs for the façade of the Basilica, works by famous architects that show the ambitions and different phases of its long construction. It is an opportunity to see up close how this imposing structure was born and how it has evolved over time.
Practical information for visitors
Planning a visit to the Basilica of San Petronio is simple, but there are a few things you should know to make the most of the experience. Opening hours vary slightly between winter and summer, so it is always a good idea to check the official website before you go to avoid any surprises. For those who wish to attend liturgical celebrations, the timetables can be consulted separately and are essential for organising your visit in a respectful manner. The Basilica is generally accessible to all, but for large groups or those who require specific assistance, it is advisable to enquire in advance about access and any dedicated routes. Please note that some areas may have restrictions or require a specific booking.
Guided tours and group bookings
Organising a group visit to the Basilica of San Petronio requires a little planning, but it is well worth it to fully appreciate the grandeur of this place. For large groups, it is essential to make a booking well in advance, usually by email to the dedicated address. This allows you to agree on the details and ensure availability.
As for costs, there are several options. Visits to the interior of the Basilica are generally free for groups of adults and university students, but in these cases, the use of radio guides is mandatory. However, these are not provided by the Basilica itself and must be obtained separately. If you wish to include paid tours, such as a visit to the Chapel of the Magi or other specific chapels and the presbytery, there are additional costs per person. School groups and certain specific groups, such as parish groups or scouts, enjoy reduced rates or free admission under certain conditions, but even for them, booking is mandatory and there are often specific visiting times, such as after 11:40 a.m. It is always a good idea to check the latest conditions and specific costs at the time of booking. Detailed information and contact details for bookings can be found on the official website or by contacting the Basilica offices directly.
Events and special visits
Days with changes to guided tours
There are certain days during the year when the Basilica of San Petronio may not allow guided tours in the afternoon. This is to allow for liturgical celebrations to take place. These dates include the Feast of San Petronio on 4 October, the Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception on 8 December, and the celebration of the Te Deum on 31 December. It is always a good idea to check the Basilica's official channels for any other changes or closures that may be announced.
Paid guided tours and special itineraries
In addition to the standard tour, the Basilica offers special itineraries and guided tours for a fee. These experiences allow you to delve deeper into specific aspects of the artistic and historical heritage. For example, you can book tours that include the Chapel of the Magi, the Chapel of St. Sebastian and the Chapel of St. Vincent Ferrer, at a cost of £2 per person. For those who wish to explore further, visits to individual chapels or the presbytery incur an additional cost of £3 per area. It is essential to book these visits well in advance by writing to
The Basilica bookshop
At the end of the left aisle, you will find the Basilica bookshop. Here you can not only purchase guides and souvenirs to take home as a memento of your visit, but also receive information on special initiatives such as adopting a brick to contribute to the preservation of this historic site. The bookshop is also accessible to people with disabilities.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much does it cost to visit the Basilica of San Petronio?
Entrance to the Basilica is free for everyone! If you want to visit some special chapels such as the Three Kings Chapel or the museum, there is a small fee to pay. For large groups, however, it is always best to enquire in advance as a reservation may be required.
Can I visit the Basilica with a group?
Of course! If you are a group of 15 or more people, or if you are a school group, it is important to book your visit in advance. This helps to organise everything in the best possible way and ensures that you can enjoy your experience to the fullest.
Are there any special opening hours I should be aware of?
Yes, the Basilica has opening hours that vary slightly between winter and summer. There are also specific times for Masses and celebrations. I recommend checking the Basilica's official website for the most up-to-date information before your visit.
What can you see inside the Basilica?
There is so much to see inside San Petronio! There are 22 chapels full of works of art, including the famous Chapel of the Magi with spectacular frescoes. Don't miss the sundial, which is the longest in the world, and the Museum of San Petronio with its ancient treasures.
Is the Basilica accessible to everyone?
The Basilica is designed to be welcoming to all. There are ways for people with disabilities to access it, such as a side ramp. The bookshop, for example, is easily accessible.